2. [A] tempted [B] attracted [C] appealed [D] transferred

　　3. [A] on [B] for [C] as [D] about

　　4. [A] which [B] that [C] what [D] it

　　5. [A] turned [B] worked [C] brought [D] made

　　6. [A] special [B] specific [C] peculiar [D] particular

　　7. [A] existence [B] store [C] reality [D] mind

　　8. [A] abandoned [B] caught [C] separated [D] involved

　　9. [A] told [B] held [C] suggested [D] advised

　　10. [A] tendency [B] procedure [C] development [D] relation

　　11. [A] authority [B] power [C] control [D] ruling

　　12. [A] officers [B] men [C] administrators [D] fathers

　　13. [A] possessed [B] claimed [C] assured [D] enforced

　　14. [A] confirm [B] confer [C] consult [D] consider

　　15. [A] over [B] along [C] on [D] about

　　16. [A] alternate [B] different [C] varied [D] several

　　17. [A] And [B] So [C] Or [D] But

　　18. [A] state [B] country [C] people [D] national

　　19. [A] as [B] when [C] if [D] so

　　20. [A] dimension [B] complexity [C] exercise [D] function

　　答案

　　1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7.D 8.D 9. B 10. C

　　11. A 12. D 13.A 14.C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B

　　總體分析

　　本文介紹了羅馬人有關(guān)國(guó)家建設(shè)的理論。第一句指出羅馬人有關(guān)國(guó)家形成的理論很有特點(diǎn)。第二句至第五句指出，羅馬人的理論與希臘人的大不相同，是非常具體的。第六句至文章結(jié)尾具體闡述了羅馬人關(guān)于國(guó)家權(quán)力的所有和分配形式。

　　全文翻譯

　　奧古斯都（羅馬帝國(guó)第一代皇帝）的成功很大程度上歸功于羅馬人將國(guó)家理論化的特點(diǎn)。羅馬人沒有制定出讓希臘人感興趣的建設(shè)理想國(guó)家的宏偉藍(lán)圖。在柏拉圖的《理想國(guó)》中不涉及具體個(gè)人或國(guó)家的一種個(gè)人與國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系被詳細(xì)地設(shè)計(jì)出來，但羅馬理論家們幾乎無一例外地忽視或拒絕接受像《理想國(guó)》這樣的智力訓(xùn)練，認(rèn)為它們毫無價(jià)值。羅馬人最接近希臘模式的是西塞羅的《論國(guó)家》，甚至在這本書中西塞羅的心中已經(jīng)對(duì)羅馬有了非常清楚的想法。即使涉及到宗教和道德概念，羅馬人關(guān)于國(guó)家的想法也是具體的。羅馬的第一位統(tǒng)治者羅穆盧斯被認(rèn)為從神，尤其是從羅馬的守護(hù)神宙斯那里獲得了權(quán)力。所有憲法的發(fā)展都是一種賦予和監(jiān)督這種權(quán)力的方法。很顯然，人們相信只有先父?jìng)兊牧⒎�機(jī)構(gòu)，即一家之主們組成的最初的參議院，才擁有行使這種權(quán)力所必需的宗教特質(zhì)，因?yàn)樗�最初的功能是尋求神的啟示。既�?shí)際又排外的參議員們將權(quán)力再進(jìn)一步分割，認(rèn)為他們的司法官或總管官員，將每隔一個(gè)月?lián)碛羞@項(xiàng)權(quán)力，并在之后將其擁有權(quán)擴(kuò)大到更低等級(jí)的官員。但是重要的成就是創(chuàng)造了持續(xù)的國(guó)家權(quán)力的概念，這種權(quán)力只是臨時(shí)體現(xiàn)在某些上層階級(jí)的個(gè)人身上，并且只有當(dāng)普通大眾一致同意的時(shí)候才被賦予。當(dāng)新的部門和立法機(jī)構(gòu)被創(chuàng)造出來并且?guī)缀鯖]有任何一個(gè)被擯棄的時(shí)候，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)變得越來越復(fù)雜。

　　十、蘇美爾人

　　All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common，including the sky god，the lord of storms，and the morning and evening star.__1__the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility，love，and war，she was evidently lower__2__status than the male gods，indicating that in a more urbanized society the__3__that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had__4__. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and __5__，and one‘s life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that__6__were created to enable the gods to__7__ up working. Each city moreover had its own god，who was considered to__8__ the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city.__9__the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the__10__ of the economic produce of the city were favored__11__ their supernatural and material functions __12__. When，after 3，000 B. C.，growing warfare among the cities made military leadership__13__，the head of the army who became king assumed a（n）__14__position between the god，whose agent he was，and the priestly class，whom he had both to use and to __15__. Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society.__16__them were the scribes，the secular attendants of the temple，who__17__every aspect of the city’s economic life and who developed a rough judicial system.__18__the temple officials，society was divided among an elite or__19__ group of large landowners and military leaders；a mixed group of merchants，artisans，and craftsmen，free peasants who__20__ the majority of the population；and slaves.

　　1. [A] Unless [B] As [C] Lest [D] Although