2. [A] on [B] in [C] with [D] about

　　3. [A] worship [B] reverence [C] admiration [D] gratitude

　　4. [A] vanished [B] recovered [C] declined [D] attained

　　5. [A] unpredictable[B] unforgivable[C] unlimited [D] unlikely

　　6. [A] creatures [B] animals [C] men [D] mortals

　　7. [A] use [B] turn [C] give [D] back

　　8. [A] inhabit [B] live [C] reside [D] lodge

　　9. [A] Hence [B] Thereafter [C] Somehow [D] Incidentally

　　10. [A] introduction[B] transaction [C] distribution[D] provision

　　11. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] of

　　12. [A] along [B] anyway [C] afterwards [D] alike

　　13. [A] additional [B] vital [C] singular [D] exceptional

　　14. [A] alternative [B] secondary [C] intermediate[D] fundamental

　　15. [A] pacify [B] tempt [C] suppress [D] manipulate

　　16. [A] Beside [B] Beyond [C] Below [D] Before

　　17. [A] supervised [B] held [C] managed [D] presided

　　18. [A] Around [B] Under [C] Above [D] Outside

　　19. [A] leading [B] noble [C] controlling [D] principal

　　20. [A] consist [B] compose [C] compile [D] consume

　　答案

　　1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7.C 8.A 9. A 10. C

　　11. B 12. D 13.B 14.C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B

　　總體分析

　　本文介紹了蘇美爾人對(duì)神的崇拜及由此引起的社會(huì)階層的劃分。第一句至第四句為一個(gè)意群，主要介紹了蘇美爾人對(duì)神的崇拜，以及神凌駕于人之上。第五句至倒數(shù)第二句為一個(gè)意群，介紹了由于對(duì)神的崇拜而出現(xiàn)的社會(huì)上層階層及其職能。末句附帶說明了在宗教體系之外的社會(huì)階層。

　　全文翻譯

　　所有的蘇美爾城邦都認(rèn)可很多共同的神，包括天空之神、風(fēng)暴之王、晨星和昏星。雖然蘇美爾人崇拜代表繁衍、愛和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的女神，但她在地位上卻明顯低于男性神。這表明在一個(gè)更趨都市化的社會(huì)中，過去時(shí)代的民族曾經(jīng)致以大地母親神的敬意已經(jīng)減少。神似乎都極其暴力且捉摸不定，人的一生成為任他們擺布和奴役的一生。史詩《創(chuàng)世記》中強(qiáng)調(diào)人類被創(chuàng)造出來是為了使神放棄勞動(dòng)。而且每一座城邦都有它自己的神，該神被認(rèn)為確實(shí)居住在廟宇里，理論上則是城邦里所有財(cái)產(chǎn)的擁有者。因此詮釋神的意志并且控制城市經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)品的分配的僧侶以他們超自然的以及在物質(zhì)方面享有的功能而受到青睞。公元前3000年以后，當(dāng)城市不斷增多的戰(zhàn)事使軍事領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能變得非常重要時(shí)，成為國(guó)王的軍隊(duì)首領(lǐng)占據(jù)了在神與僧侶階層之間的位置，他是神的代言人，對(duì)僧侶階層既利用又安撫。因此在一個(gè)等級(jí)社會(huì)中國(guó)王和僧侶代表了上層階級(jí)。居于他們之下的是書吏，即，廟宇世俗的侍臣，他監(jiān)督城市經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的方方面面，并制定粗略的司法體系。在廟宇官員之外，社會(huì)被劃分為四類人：大地主和軍事領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人這樣一群精英和貴族人群；商人、工匠和技工的混合群體；占人口大部分的自由農(nóng)民；奴隸。

　　十一、情人節(jié)的來歷

　　Valentine‘s Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia. __1__ the fierce wolves roamed nearby，the old Romans called __2__ the god Lupercus to help them. A festival in his __3__ was held on February 15th. On the eve of the festival the __4__ of the girls were written on __5__ of paper and placed in jars. Each young man __6__ a slip. The girl whose name was __7__ was to be his sweetheart for the year.

　　Legend __8__ it that the holiday became Valentine‘s Day __9__ a Roman priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius II __10__ the Roman soldiers NOT to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers would __11__ stay home than fight. When Valentine __12__ the Emperor and secretly married the young couples，he was put to death on February 14th，the __13__ of Lupercalia. After his death，Valentine became a __14__. Christian priests moved the holiday from the 15th to the 14th—Valentine’s Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine __15__ of Lupercus.

　　Valentine‘s Day has become a major __16__ of love and romance in the modern world. The ancient god Cupid and his __17__ into a lover’s heart may still be used to __18__ falling in love or being in love. But we also use cards and gifts，such as flowers or jewelry，to do this. __19__ to give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valentine‘s Day can sometimes be as __20__ as forgetting a birthday or a wedding anniversary.

　　1.[A] While [B] When [C] Though [D] Unless

　　2.[A] upon [B] back [C] off [D] away

　　3.[A] honor [B] belief [C] hand [D] way