Unit24　Political, Legaland Social Issues
　　Dialogues /monologues:
　　1、Don't go straight into politics, because no one will be particularly interested.
　　不要直面政治界，因?yàn)闆]人會特別感興趣。
　　2、There were big, difficult decisions to be taken during the Gulf War. have sth to be done 意思是有某事將要去做 .
　　在海灣戰(zhàn)爭中，曾有許多重大、艱難的事務(wù)有待決斷。
　　3、We were sometimes at odds with the Americans, and even the Germans.
　　我們有時(shí)候和美國人合不來，有時(shí)候甚至和德國人也不親善。
　　4、But the new bill requires that any American wishing to sponsor immigrations must have an income 125 percent above the poverty level. Previously, a sponsor needed only an income at poverty level.
　　但是新的法案要求，每個(gè)愿作移民擔(dān)保的美國人必須擁有高于貧困線125% 的收入。以前，擔(dān)保人只要不在貧困線之下就可以了。
　　5、Wasn't it after the women's conference in Nairobi ten years ago that the world focused for the first time on the crisis of domestic violence?
　　難道不是十年前在內(nèi)羅畢召開的婦女大會讓全世界首次聚焦家庭暴力嗎？
　　6、What we are learning around the world is that if women are healthy and educated, their families will flourish. If women are free from violence, their families will flourish. If women have a chance to work and earn as full and equal partners in society, their families will flourish.
　　我們在全世界看到的都是，如果婦女健康又受過教育，她們的家庭就興旺；如果婦女免于暴力之苦，她們的家庭就安康；如果婦女有工作機(jī)會并能同工同酬，她們的家庭就富裕。
　　7、That is why every woman, every man, every child, every family, and every nation on our planet in society, has a stake in the discussion that takes place here.
　　這就是為什么我們這個(gè)星球上的每個(gè)女子、男子、兒童、家庭、國家，都參與了此時(shí)此刻的決定。（這里的 stake 是“股份”而不是“賭注”的意思，所以我這樣翻譯 ）
　　8、I took it after consultation with members of the then new South African government, including President Nelson Mandela.
　　我在征詢了新一屆南非政府成員，包括納爾遜 * 曼德拉總統(tǒng)的意見之后，這樣決定。

Passage:
　　Compared to elections to other countries, a British election is a rapid and straightforward affair. Traditionally about 75 percent of the country's 44 million registered voters take part. They each place a cross next to the name of the candidate they want to vote for on a ballot paper. In a general election, voters choose the man or woman they wish to represent them in the House of Commons.
　　Unlike other countries, Britain uses the “first-past-the-post” method for choosing its government. Under this system, the candidate who wins the highest number of votes in each constituency becomes the Member of Parliament （MP） for the seat, even if he or she has less than half of the total vote. Currently, there are 651 geographical constituencies in Britain .
　　Most candidates are members of Britain 's 3 main political parties. They are the conservatives, Labour, and the smaller Liberal Democrats.
　　Any citizen of Britain can try and get elected as an MP. Only bankrupts, prisoners, members of the clergy, peers and certain senior public officials are not allowed to stand. But in order to limit the number of people who do take apart, each candidates is required to deposit￡ before the election. They “l(fā)ose their deposit” if they fail to win 5 percent of the poll.
　　The “first-past-the-post” principle is also used to decide which party will from the new government. As a rule, the party which wins the most seats is invited by the Queen to form the government. The leader of that party then becomes the new prime minister.
　　The exact date of the election is chosen by the prime minister and is normally announced about a month in advance. This makes the election campaign quite short in comparison to countries like the U.S.A. , where the campaign to elect the president lasts for up to nine months.
　　It's estimated that up to a fifth of voters in Britain only decide who they will vote for in the last 4 weeks before an election. As a result, parties spend huge sums of money on advertising in the last few weeks. Individual candidates are limited by law on how much they may spend but no such restriction applies to the parties.
　　Translate Reference：
　　比起其他國家的選舉，英國大選是一件快速且簡單的事情。一般來說，全國登記的 4400 萬選民中會有 75% 的人參加投票。他們只要在選票上自己支持的候選人名字旁邊畫上一個(gè)叉叉就可以了。在普選中，選民根據(jù)自己的意愿來選出下議院的代表。
　　與別的國家不同，英國采用“得票最多就獲勝”的選舉制度來組成政府，即：在一個(gè)選區(qū)獲得票數(shù)最多的候選人就能獲得議會的席位，即使他/她獲得的選票不足總票數(shù)的一半�，F(xiàn)在，英國有 651 個(gè)從地理上劃分的選區(qū)。
　　大部分的候選人都屬于英國的三個(gè)主要政黨，即保守黨、工黨和最小的自由民主黨。
　　英國所有的公民都有機(jī)會競選議員，除了破產(chǎn)的人、囚犯、神職人員、貴族和某些高級官員。為了限制參加競選的人數(shù)，每一個(gè)侯選人在大選之前都要交 500 英鎊。如果他們獲得的選票不足 5% ，政府就不退還那 500 英鎊。
　　“得票最多就是獲勝”的原則也用于決定哪個(gè)政黨組成新的政府。根據(jù)慣例，獲得席位最多的政黨受女王的邀請來組閣。該政黨的領(lǐng)袖成為新的首相。
　　選舉的確切日期是由首相選定的，通常會提前一個(gè)月公布。這使得英國的競選時(shí)間同美國這樣的國家相比要短得多，美國的總統(tǒng)競選時(shí)間最長可持續(xù) 9 個(gè)月。
　　有估計(jì)說五分之一的英國選民是在選舉前四個(gè)禮拜才決定選誰。這就導(dǎo)致了各政黨在最后幾周花大把大把的錢做廣告。英國有法律規(guī)定候選人在競選過程中只能花多少錢，但是對政黨沒有規(guī)定。