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09年職稱英語理工類課程講義:詞匯選項(xiàng)(6)

作者:   發(fā)布時(shí)間:2008-10-22 10:52:25  來源:育路外語考試頻道
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11.We should not sacrifice(犧牲) environmental protections(環(huán)保) to foster (促進(jìn))economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的) growth(增長(zhǎng)). (answer: B)
  A. reduce:減少,同義詞:decrease
  B. promote: v 晉升、提升、促進(jìn)
  C. realize(***):認(rèn)識(shí)到、實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃、了解到,常見搭配:
  Realize one’s mistake認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤;realize one’s hopes/plan/dream實(shí)現(xiàn)希望/計(jì)劃/夢(mèng)想;realize the truth of the event了解時(shí)間真相
  D. give:給予
  補(bǔ)充:foster是一個(gè)多義詞,除了“促進(jìn)”,還表示培養(yǎng)、培育、照顧、撫養(yǎng)(不屬于自己的孩子), 如:foster mother養(yǎng)母;foster parents養(yǎng)父母。
  請(qǐng)見教材上一道原題:
  Government(政府) health campaigns(健康運(yùn)動(dòng)) have fostered (培養(yǎng))an awareness(意識(shí)) of the dangers(危險(xiǎn),危害性) in certain social habits (某些社會(huì)習(xí)慣).
  A. included(包括) B. discovered(發(fā)現(xiàn))
  C. cultivated (培養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)成, 種植莊稼,陶冶情操)
  D. discouraged:使某人泄氣,失去信心,反義詞:encourage:鼓勵(lì),請(qǐng)注意dis-是一個(gè)常見的反義前綴。
  12.There is a growing(不斷增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、) between the rich(代表一類人,富人們) and the poor(窮人們). (answer: C)
  A. conflict:n 沖突、爭(zhēng)執(zhí)、(意見的)分歧、v沖突、抵觸
  a conflict of interests利害沖突;
  B. tension: n 緊張,同義詞:nervousness
  C. gulf: n 海灣、溝壑、分歧,常見搭配:gulf between A and B in sth
  There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education(教育) of their child.
  D. confrontation: n 對(duì)抗、動(dòng)詞:confront.
  一般用于: confront sb with sth讓某人面對(duì)(不快的或令人頭疼的事情)
  有關(guān)gap,還有一個(gè)常見的表達(dá):generation gap代溝
  13.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(幫助). (answer: D)
  A. helpful:有幫助的,反義詞:helpless, 詞組:be helpful to sb
  He is always helpful to his mother.
  B. hopeful:有希望的,反義詞:hopeless, 常見搭配:be hopeful of/about對(duì)。。。抱有希望,如:I am hopeful of passing the exam.
  C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人憐憫的、可憐的,反義詞:pitiless: 無憐憫心的、殘酷的
  D .thankful:感激的、感謝的,反義詞:thankless: 不感謝的、忘恩的,常見搭配:
  be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth
  得出結(jié)論:同義詞的常見搭配也一樣,后綴-ful(充滿的)和-less(少的、幾乎沒有的)互為反義詞。(重要詞根。
  14.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)
  A. shortly:adv馬上、立刻 I’ll be coming back shortly.
  B. currently: adv時(shí)下、當(dāng)前,同義詞組:at present = now
  She is currently in Beijing.
  C. lately(***): adv 最近,同義詞:recently
  How have been lately?近來可好?
  D. probably: 可能地,反義詞:improbably, 同義詞:possibly.
  presently = shortly = soon
  15.Attitudes to(對(duì)。。。的態(tài)度) mental(精神的) illness(疾。 have shifted(改變) in recent years(在近幾年=lately). (answer: C)
  A. displayed: 展示、陳列某物,顯示、顯露 display sth to sb
  B. shown:原形show, 顯示、展示,此時(shí)和display屬近義詞。
  C. changed(***):高頻核心詞,含義豐富,改變、更換、交換、換乘、換衣服\兌換貨幣,等等。
  change one’s idea/attitude改變主意/態(tài)度;change one’s job換工作; change gear換擋; change sides改變立場(chǎng); change train換乘火車;change dollars into RMB把美圓兌換成人民幣。
  D. demonstrated:v 證明、論證、表明、示威游行

16.I have been trying to(盡力) quit(停止) smoking. (answer: A)
  A. give up:停止、放棄,give up sth/doing sth, 如:
  My husband gave up(= quit = stop) smoking last year.
  B. pick up(***):撿起來、情況好轉(zhuǎn)、通過實(shí)踐學(xué)會(huì)(外語、技術(shù))、收取某物、接人、偶然結(jié)識(shí)某人等。
  C. build up逐漸發(fā)展、增強(qiáng)
  D. take up:占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)、從事某事、
  17.Relief workers(救援人員) were shocked (震驚的、吃驚的)by what they saw(他們所看到的). (answer: C)
  A. moved:感動(dòng)的 B. touched:動(dòng)人的、感人的(= moved)
  C. surprised: 吃驚的,be surprised at sth.
  I’m very surprised to see you here.
  D. worried: 擔(dān)心的、發(fā)愁的,同義詞anxious,搭配:be worried about
  He is worried about his exam.
  所以:surprised = shocked = astonished
  請(qǐng)見教材一道原題:
  We were shocked to find that Mary didn’t know her guest’s name.
  A. frustrated (泄氣的) B. disturbed(打擾的、焦慮不安的)
  C. relieved (寬慰的) D. surprised
  18.The weather(天氣) is a constant (不斷發(fā)生的、不變的)subject (主題)of conversation(談話) in Britain(英國(guó)). (answer: D)
  A. question: 問題、疑問、詢問,常見的搭配:an open question未解決的問題、允許公開爭(zhēng)論的問題
  B. problem問題、難題,solve a problem解決問題;
  C. title 名稱、題目、標(biāo)題、頭銜
  D. topic話題、主題
  19.This is not typical (典型的、有代表性的)of English, but is a feature (特點(diǎn)、特征)of the Chinese language. (answer: B)
  A. particular:個(gè)別的、特別的、挑剔的,如:his particular problems他的個(gè)人問題; particular importance特別的重要; she’s very particular about her clothes. (她對(duì)她的衣服很挑剔。)
  B. characteristic: 典型的,常見搭配:be characteristic of = be typical of
  C. remarkable: 不同尋常的、出類拔萃的,同義詞:unusual = exceptional = extraordinary
  D. idiomatic: 來自于idiom習(xí)語、成語;idiomatic符合語言或方言的特點(diǎn)的
  20.It is virtually (幾乎)impossible(不可能) to persuade(勸說) him to apply for(申請(qǐng)) the job. (answer: B)
  A. simply:簡(jiǎn)單地、僅僅 I bought the house simply because it was very big.
  B. almost幾乎、差不多。 She is almost 40 years old.
  C. totally = completely = entirely 完全地、全部地
  D. completely = totally
  補(bǔ)充:persuade sb to do sth勸說某人做某事

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