Exercise

Dying patients especially—who are easiest to mislead and most often kept in the dark—can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or to have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.

Computer crime, a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that corrupts data and programs, has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.

Hence, though the normal child masters some 80,000 words in sixteen years — about fourteen per day— little of this learning takes place in school.

要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文

要點(diǎn)：要點(diǎn)該句中破折號(hào)內(nèi)得成分是插入語。介詞about 之后三個(gè)分別由“whether or not”“where and with whom”“how”引起得從句做其賓語。動(dòng)詞短語to bring to a close意為“to cause to come to an end”; “to take leave”意為“say goodbye to sb.”
參考譯文：特別是瀕臨死亡的病人——他們最容易受騙，也最會(huì)被蒙在鼓里——從而不能做出臨終前的有關(guān)抉擇：是否要住院，是否要進(jìn)行手術(shù)，在何處與何人度過剩下的一點(diǎn)時(shí)光，以及如何處理完自己的事后再告別人世。

要點(diǎn)：本句的主句是“Computer crime grams, has grown at an alarming rate……”逗號(hào)之間的插入結(jié)構(gòu)“a phrase……programs”是主句主語“Computer crime”的同位語。
參考譯文：隨著計(jì)算機(jī)通信的迅速發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪以令人震驚的速度增長。計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪這個(gè)術(shù)語指的是用非法的，秘密的手段入侵?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫，以便偷取或修改數(shù)據(jù)庫資料，或是在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中散布病毒軟件，這些病毒能毀壞數(shù)據(jù)和程序。

要點(diǎn)：hence，就這樣，副詞表示結(jié)果。Though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句的主語為the normal child, 謂語為master, about fourteen per day為插入語，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，主句的主語為little of this learning; 主句的謂語是takes place
參考譯文：這樣，盡管正常的孩子在16年里能掌握大約8萬個(gè)單詞，大約一天學(xué)14個(gè)，但只有很少一部分是在學(xué)校里學(xué)來得。