名詞（代詞）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞The question being settled， we went home.問
題解決之后，我們就回家了。We shall play the match tomorrow， weather permitting.
明天假設(shè)天氣好，我們就進(jìn)行比賽。The monitor being ill ， we ‘d better
put the meeting off.班長(zhǎng)病了，我們最好還是延期開會(huì)吧。2.名詞（代詞）+
過去分詞The job finished， we went home.工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。The last
bus having gone ， we had to walk home. 最后一班公車已經(jīng)走了，我們必須
走路回家。More time given ， we should have done the job much better.
如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)把工作做得更好。

    名詞（代詞）+ 不定式如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周。 So
many people to help him ， he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人來幫助他，
他一定會(huì)成功的。4.名詞（代詞）+ 介詞短語The soldiers dashed in， rifle
in hand.士兵們端著槍沖了進(jìn)來。A girl came in， book in hand.一個(gè)少女進(jìn)
來了，手里拿著書。He was waiting， his eyes on her back.他在等著，眼睛
望著她的背影。5.名詞（代詞）+ 形容詞或副詞He sat in the front row ， his
mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半開著。She sat at the table， collar off
，head down， and pen in position， ready to begin the long letter.她坐
在桌前，衣領(lǐng)已New Roman'">She sat at the table， collar 解掉，頭低了下
來，拿好鋼筆，準(zhǔn)備開始寫一封長(zhǎng)信。6. There being +名詞（代詞）There being
nothing else to do， we went home.沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。There
being no further business ， I declare the meeting closed.沒有再要討論
的事了，我宣布散會(huì)。7. It being + 名詞（代詞）It being Christmas， the
government offices were closed. 由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。It being
a holiday ， all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。

    注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可在其前加上介詞with. 如：Don ‘t sleep with the
windows open. 別開著窗睡覺。

    他低著頭站在老師面前。他低著頭站在老師面前。He was lying on the bed
with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。She came in with a book in her
hand. 她手里拿著一本書走了進(jìn)來。He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
他沒熄燈就睡著了。I won ‘t be able to go on holiday with my mother being
ill.因?yàn)閶寢層胁�，我無法去度假。He sat there with his eyes closed.他閉
目坐在那兒。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個(gè)下午
他都鎖著門在房里工作。I can ’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。