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　　一、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“變性”被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　1. 先找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞; 2. 再找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ); 3. 把賓語(yǔ)用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ); 4. 注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。

　　二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“基本招式”：

　　1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

　　2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

　　3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

　　4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

　　5. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

　　6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

　　7. 不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

　　三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“三十六計(jì)”：

　　1. 不及物的動(dòng)詞或者詞組無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)有如下詞匯：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等等。同時(shí)，周童瑜提請(qǐng)您特別注意：不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：fit, have, wish, cost, watch,agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to happen, belong to, suit, fit(適合), have, let, join, fall, last(延長(zhǎng)),cost(花費(fèi))

　　break out(爆發(fā))appear, burst out(迸發(fā))，hold(容納)，lack(缺乏)，agree with(同意).等等。賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞，相互代詞及虛詞it時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)，只用主動(dòng)。

　　2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如： His book sells well. The radio needs repairing. 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive等。

　　2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build，如：The house is to let.

　　3) 在need, require, want, worth (表語(yǔ)), deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。

　　3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to 如：make/see sb do sth→sb+ be +made/seen to do sth等等，周童瑜提醒您記憶其他此類詞匯：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, observe, notice, watch

　　4. 如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。如：He bought me a book.→A book was bought for me.

　　5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如：Zhou tongyu listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by Zhou tongyu every day.

　　6 let 的用法：1)當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可用不帶to 的不定式。They let the thief go→ The thief was let go. 2) 若let 后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，let通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而用allow或permit代替。The teacher let me go home to have dinner. →I was allowed / permitted to go home to have dinner.

　　7 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。

　　8 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)是從句，變成被動(dòng)時(shí)使用形式替代詞it.如：We know that Britain is an island country.——It's known that Britain is an island country.

　　9 be+done 可以是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，done可以帶by短語(yǔ)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中done相當(dāng)于adj. 不帶 by短語(yǔ)。如：The question is settled. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)) Such questions are settled by us. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。許多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過(guò)去分詞。句中如果有by，通常是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： The glass was broken by Jack. (表動(dòng)作) The glass is broken. (表狀態(tài))。

　　【重點(diǎn)提示】：It is said that…據(jù)說(shuō)It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that…大家相信It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that… 眾所周知 It is thought that…大家認(rèn)為 It is suggested that…據(jù)建議 It is taken granted that…被視為當(dāng)然It has been decided that… 大家決定 It must be remember that…務(wù)必記住的是It is generally accepted that…人們公認(rèn)的是It is universally known that…全球共知的是