環(huán)球卓越2011年同等學(xué)力英語名詞性從句的四類用法

名詞性從句共有四種：主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句。

1．主語從句：主語從句在整個句子中作主語。

(1)不同于其它的連詞，它不充當(dāng)句子的成分，只是單純的連接詞，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首時，that絕對不可以省略。

That the driver could not control his war was obvious.

It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.

(2)if 不能用在主語從句中，而是用whether

Whether he left (or not) is unknown

(3)當(dāng)主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)，下面這個句型例外。

What we need is more time and money.

What we need are many more books.

2. 表語從句：表語從句出現(xiàn)在系動詞后，充當(dāng)表語。

The trouble is that we are short of money.

Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.

(1) 引導(dǎo)表語從句除了上述三類詞外還有because, as if/ as though等等

The reason (why/for which…..) is that ……

It/This/That is because……

(2) 連系動詞“appear, look, seem”的兩個常用句型

It seems/appears that….

It looks/seems as if/as though……(與事實相符用陳述語氣，與事實相反用虛擬語氣)

(3) as 也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句

Things are not always as they seem to be

3. 賓語從句：及物動詞，形容詞和介詞后加賓語從句作其賓語。

(1) 賓語從句時態(tài)與主句相呼應(yīng)，但賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象除外

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun

(2) 連詞whether和 if可以互換，但注意下列情況

連詞后緊跟or not時用whether

I want to know whether or not they will come.

作介詞賓語是用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句

He was interested in whether he saw her there.

連接詞后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether

He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

如果賓語從句是否定時，一般用if引導(dǎo)

I care if he will not attend the meeting.

(3) 當(dāng)賓語從句后帶賓補(bǔ)時，要用“主語+謂語+it +賓補(bǔ)+that-clause, that不可省略

I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.

(4) 當(dāng)主語是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五個動詞時，用否定轉(zhuǎn)移

I don’t think he will win the game, will he?

(5) that在賓語從句常可以省略，但由and或 but連接兩個或多個賓語從句時，僅可以省略第一個連詞that

He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry.

(6) 注意區(qū)別if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和條件狀語從句

I don’t know if he will come.

If he comes, I’ll let you know.

4. 同位語從句，在句中作某些名詞的同位語，對前面的名詞進(jìn)一步說明。用在下列名詞 fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion, word etc.

(1) There is no doubt that he will come.

There is doubt whether he will come.

Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.

There is no possibility that….

(2) that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：

在同位語從句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句作成分，作賓語時可以省略

We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.

We are interested in the news that he told us.

when, where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：

在定語從句中，when, where前有分別表示時間、地點的先行詞；而在同位語從句中無此對應(yīng)關(guān)系

They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位語從句)

Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定語從句)

5. 疑問詞-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而no matter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

No matter where I go, my heart is towards China.

I believer whatever he says.    Whatever he says, I will never believe him.

who與 whoever的區(qū)別

who是“誰”的意思，表示具有疑問，who相當(dāng)于anyone who“無論誰”

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

Can you tell me who that gentleman is?

6．當(dāng)名詞性從句缺少主語、賓語或表語時，引導(dǎo)詞通常用what。另外，有時具有感嘆意義all that, anything that或 the thing(s) that

What we can’t get seems better than what we have.

Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.

7. 注意區(qū)分it 作形式主語的主語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句

強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。

It is natural that they should have different views. 主語從句

It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句

What was it that he wanted?    I don’t know what it was that he wanted.

It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem

8. 注意it 作形式主語的主語從句和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)的不同

It is known to all that the earth is round.

As is known to all, the earth is round.