If I had time, I would go to the movies with you.
If we hadn"/>
政策解讀
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第三節(jié) 虛擬語氣
一、虛擬式用于非真實(shí)條件句時的構(gòu)成
If I had time, I would go to the movies with you.
If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference, wouldn’t have been so successful.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.
[提示]
1. 在非真實(shí)條件句中, 有時從句的動詞所表示的動作和主句的動詞所表示的動作并不同時發(fā)生,這樣的條件句中使用的虛似式稱為混合虛擬式。其構(gòu)成視具體情況而定。
If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.
If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
2. 引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件從句的連詞if在正式文件中有時可以省去, were, had,
should等非行為動詞這時應(yīng)提到從句句首。
If I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.
→Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.
3. 有些句子從表層結(jié)構(gòu)上看無if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句, 但從深層意思上看是存在的。這種情況下主句動詞仍需用虛擬式。這類句子中常出現(xiàn)without(如果沒有), but for(要不是),otherwise(否則), but that(若不, 后接一從句)等詞或詞組。
But for your help, they couldn’t have succeeded.
要不是你的幫助, 他們就不會取得成功。
She wasn’t felling well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.
她感不舒服。不然她不會那么早就離開會場的。
二、虛擬式也可用于其他情況
1. 在it’s necessary (important, natural, essential, proposed, required,
suggested, impossible, strange) that…引導(dǎo)的真正的主語從句中動詞應(yīng)用虛擬式,
表示必要、應(yīng)該、建議、要求、驚訝、不相信等意。
It’s necessary that we (should) set out at once.
It’s proposed that a committee (should) be set up to look into the matter.
It’s only natural that you should be nervous. 你感到緊張是很自然的。
The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.
It is highly important that we (should) combine revolutionary sweep with
practicalness. "對我們來說,把革命氣概和實(shí)際精神結(jié)合起來是很重要的。"
It is impossible that he should have missed the train. 他不可能誤車。
It’s strange that he should have failed in the exam.
2. 在ask, require, order, demand, suggest, propose, command, insist?
等動詞后的賓語從句中, 動詞也用虛擬式, 表示命令、建議、要求等。
I suggest that we (should) go camping tomorrow.
He insisted that our laboratory reports (should) be handed in the day afterthe experiment was done. 他堅(jiān)持要求我們在做完實(shí)驗(yàn)后第二天將實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告交上來。
He asked that they (should) be allowed to use a dictionary.他要求準(zhǔn)許他們用詞典。
The director required that we should work all night主任要求我們通宵工作。
The mayor ordered that free food be distributed.市長命令發(fā)放免費(fèi)食品。
The boss demanded that Mary (should) finish it within a week.老板要求瑪麗在一周內(nèi)完成它。
I propose we should have another meeting. 我提議我們再開一次會議。
I command that he go at once.我命令他立即就去
注意,以上句中insist意為“堅(jiān)持要求”。如insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”解, 則不需用虛擬式。
He insisted that he was right.
他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他是對的。
3. 虛擬式可用于wish后的賓語從句中, 表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望。
I wish I had been to the concert last night.
I wish he would forgive me.
4. It’s (high, about) time that…的句型要求用虛擬式, 表示應(yīng)該做還沒做的事。((時節(jié))正盛的;(時機(jī))成熟的)
It’s high time that he stopped smoking.
It is high time you made up your mind.你該拿主意了。
It’s about time that we took our leave.
5. 在I would (had) rather后的句子中, 動詞也要求用虛擬式, 表示某人的愿望。
I’d rather you left tommorrow instead of today.
I’d rather he hadn’t done anything like that.
6. 在as if (though) 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中, 謂語動詞有時用虛擬式。
She looks as if she knew all about it.
They talked as though they had got acquainted with each other for years.
Exercises 3 Choose the best answer to complete the following senterces:
1. If you ___________ that leat movie last night, you wouldn’t be dozy(困倦的) now.
A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch
C. hadn’t watchedD. wouldn’t have watched
2. Had I knon it, I ___________ you.
A. have told B. had told
C. wouldn’t be told D. would have told
3. ___________ the storm, we should have reached our destination.
A. For but B. But for
C. In spite of D. In case of
4. She insisted that what she had done ___________ right.
A. was B. is
C. beD. had been
5. I wish you ___________ me yesterday.
A. tell B. could tell
C. would tellD. had told
6. ___________ it left to me to decide, I would not hesitate to prefer the latter.
A. IfB. Were
C. Had D. Should
7. It is important that you ___________ to the dean before leaving for your vacation.
A. speak B. spoken
C. have spoked D. speaks
8. It’s about time people ___________ notice of what women did during the war.
A. took B. take
C. have takenD. will take
9. He talks as if he ___________ the incident.
A. had witnessed B. witnessed
C. witness D. have witnessed
10. The boss asked that the letter ___________ immediately.
A. be typed B. typed
C. have typedD. being typed
11. Don’t you think it is time that you ___________ smoking?
A. give up B. would give up
C. gave up D. must give up
12. Without computer, we ___________ the tremendous medical advancement
in the last few decades.
A. would not makeB. will not have made
C. could not makeD. shouldn’t have made
13. ___________ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.
A. Had it not been B. Weren’t it
C. It were not D. had not it been
14. I’d have come with you ___________ I am so busy.
A. except forB. provided that
C. but that(若不…) D. so long as
(but for…接名詞,but that…接從句)
The composition is quite good except for the spelling.這篇文章除了拼寫以外,其他都不錯。
I will go, provided that you go too.你也去的話我就去。
15. It is strange that such a thing ___________ in your company.
A. will happen B. happens
C. happenedD. should happen
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