1. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.

【譯文】旨在使學生勝任某種工作的教育是職業(yè)教育，它存在的理由與法律所規(guī)定的普及教育之間有很大差別。

【析句】這個句子的主語是An education，后面that引導的從句既是主語的定語，表語是a technical education。過去分詞justified引導的短語修飾a technical education, radically different from why education is universally required by law是reasons的后置定語。

【講詞】justify意為"證明......是正當?shù)?quot;。Is he justified in all his actions?（他的這許多行為是正當?shù)膯?）The course of events fully justifies our  views.（事情的發(fā)展完全證明我們的意見是正確的。）radically表示"根本地"。radical意為"根本的，基本的，激進的"。require意為"要求，需要"。I require two children to help me.(我需要兩個孩子來幫忙。）The rules require us all to be present.(按規(guī)定我們都要到場。）

2. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

【譯文】相反，我們應該體現(xiàn)美國公民的某種觀念，如果他無法準確判斷自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影響的，他的公民特征就是不完整的。

【析句】 這個句子的難點在于理解a certain conception of the American citizen，即a character... outside of himself。這里的a character是指the American citizen，其后是一個who引導的定語從句；該定語從句是主從復合句，其中主句是who is incomplete，if引導條件從句，這個條件從句中的謂語動詞access跟了一個how引導的賓語從句。

【講詞】assess意為"評估，評價"。The annual income of school teachers in this place was assessed at $900.（這地方的學校教師的年收入為900美元。）Damages were assessed at 1000 RMB.（損失估計達一千元人民幣。）affect意為"影響"。You should be aware of the fact that smoking affects  health.（你應該清楚吸煙有害健康。）He was deeply affected by my words.（他聽了我的話很受感動。）注意affected的意思是"假裝的，造作的"。She showed an affected interest in our subject.（她假裝對我們的課題感興趣。）