1. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.

【譯文】旨在使學(xué)生勝任某種工作的教育是職業(yè)教育，它存在的理由與法律所規(guī)定的普及教育之間有很大差別。

【析句】這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是An education，后面that引導(dǎo)的從句既是主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)是a technical education。過(guò)去分詞justified引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)修飾a technical education, radically different from why education is universally required by law是reasons的后置定語(yǔ)。

【講詞】justify意為"證明......是正當(dāng)?shù)?quot;。Is he justified in all his actions?（他的這許多行為是正當(dāng)?shù)膯?）The course of events fully justifies our  views.（事情的發(fā)展完全證明我們的意見(jiàn)是正確的。）radically表示"根本地"。radical意為"根本的，基本的，激進(jìn)的"。require意為"要求，需要"。I require two children to help me.(我需要兩個(gè)孩子來(lái)幫忙。）The rules require us all to be present.(按規(guī)定我們都要到場(chǎng)。）

2. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

【譯文】相反，我們應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)美國(guó)公民的某種觀念，如果他無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確判斷自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影響的，他的公民特征就是不完整的。

【析句】 這個(gè)句子的難點(diǎn)在于理解a certain conception of the American citizen，即a character... outside of himself。這里的a character是指the American citizen，其后是一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；該定語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句，其中主句是who is incomplete，if引導(dǎo)條件從句，這個(gè)條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞access跟了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

【講詞】assess意為"評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)"。The annual income of school teachers in this place was assessed at $900.（這地方的學(xué)校教師的年收入為900美元。）Damages were assessed at 1000 RMB.（損失估計(jì)達(dá)一千元人民幣。）affect意為"影響"。You should be aware of the fact that smoking affects  health.（你應(yīng)該清楚吸煙有害健康。）He was deeply affected by my words.（他聽(tīng)了我的話很受感動(dòng)。）注意affected的意思是"假裝的，造作的"。She showed an affected interest in our subject.（她假裝對(duì)我們的課題感興趣。）