成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試重點(diǎn)二
來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-08-26
育路成人高考培訓(xùn)咨詢(xún)
幫助希望進(jìn)入名校的在職人員實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的本、專(zhuān)科大學(xué)夢(mèng)想
二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 英語(yǔ)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有4種，一種是條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，一種是含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，一種是名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，還有一種是狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其中虛擬時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用很大程度上和其所處的句型有關(guān)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在三級(jí)考試中是一個(gè)比較重要的語(yǔ)法。下面我們也分四部分來(lái)看一下三級(jí)考試中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用。 (一)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
在分析虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查特點(diǎn)也應(yīng)對(duì)策略之前，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們做以下試題：
1)If a better material______,the strength of the part would have been increased.(1992.6)
A.had been used
B.had been using
C.being used
D.using
2)If you______that movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.(1993.6)
A.hadn't watched
B.haven't watched
C.wouldn't have watched
D.didn't watch
3)______you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my question.(1996.6)
A.If I realized
B.Had I realized
C.Did I realize that
D.As I realized
4)______,I should ask them some questions.(1997.6)
A.Should they come to us
B.If they come to us
C.Were they come to us
D.Had they come to us
5)Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ______the same language.
A.spoke
B.speak
C.had spoken
D.will speak
6)Had the weather been good, the children ______out for a work.(2001.6)
A.had gone
B.could have gone
C.would go
D.went
7)______the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.(2004.4)
A.If he took
B.If he should take
C.Were he to take
D.Had he taken
「答案」AABAA BD
「評(píng)析」
1.對(duì)于虛擬條件句中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用，首先應(yīng)該熟記主從句動(dòng)詞與不同事實(shí)相反時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用規(guī)則。解題時(shí)根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的時(shí)間概念確定與什么事實(shí)相反，然后采用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。
① 如果與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句中用would/should/could/might + have done的形式，如1)、3)、6)和7)。
1)If a better material______,the strength of the part would have been increased.(1992.6)
A.had been used
B.had been using
C.being used
D.using
答案：A
3)______ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my question.(1996.6)
A.If I realized
B.Had I realized
C.Did I realize that
D.As I realized
答案：B
注意：虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。
6)Had the weather been good,the children ______ out for a work.(2001.6)
A.had gone
B.could have gone
C.would go
D.went
答案：B
7)______ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.(2004.4)
A.If he took
B.If he should take
C.Were he to take
D.Had he taken
答案：D
�、� 如果與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句中用would/could/might/should + 原形動(dòng)詞，如5)，表示與正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)相反用would/might/could/should + be doing的結(jié)構(gòu)。
5)Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ______the same language?
A.spoke
B.speak
C.had spoken
D.will speak
答案：A
�、� 如果表示將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)，或were to / should + 原形動(dòng)詞，以上題4)表示的就屬于這種情況。
4)______,I should ask them some questions.(1997.6)
A.Should they come to us
B.If they come to us
C.Were they come to us
D.Had they come to us
答案：A
2.虛擬條件句有單一條件句，也有混合虛擬條件句，所以不能只根據(jù)從句與某一事實(shí)相反來(lái)判斷主句就與該事實(shí)相反，同樣，也不能想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為主句與某一事實(shí)相反，從句也就與該事實(shí)相反。如2)：
2)If you ______that movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.(1993.6)
A.hadn't watched
B.haven't watched
C.wouldn't have watched
D.didn't watch
答案：A
從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。
再如：
If he weren't such a kind man, he wouldn't have lent a hand to such people as you the other day.(從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。)
Were my friends not to come tomorrow, I wouldn't have bought so many foods.(從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。)
3.if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以將were/had/should提至句首，省略if.考試時(shí)經(jīng)常是將省略if的與含有if的選項(xiàng)并列，在這種情況下，應(yīng)注意分清從句的時(shí)態(tài)，盡管多數(shù)情況下都是倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)為正確選項(xiàng)。如3)、4)、6)和7)。
再如：
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
More Exercises
1)If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ____ now.
A.wouldn't be smiling
B.couldn't have smiled
C.won't smile
D.didn't smile
答案：A
2)____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A.Not being
B.Had it not been
C.Without being
D.Not having been
答案：B
3)______before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A.Had they arrived
B.Would they arrive
C.Were they arriving
D.Were they to arrive
答案：D
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