Soviet-American Relations
　　In the fall of 1946. President Truman asked for a comprehensive study of Soviet- American relations,which he knew would be the central problem of American foreign policy. The result was an important state paper prepared through the Secretary of State(國務(wù)), the Secretary of War. the Attorney General(檢察長). the Secretary of the Navy, Fleet Adrmiral(海軍司令) Leahy (who had been Roosevelt's chief military adviser), the Joint Chiefs of Staff(參謀長聯(lián)席會(huì)議主席). Ambassador Edwin W．Pauley (in charge of negotiating postwar reparations), the Director of Central Intelligence(中央情報(bào)局局長), and other persons with special knowledge of foreign affairs.The document was imposing in its scope and depth, comprising nearly a hundred thousand words and divided into an introduction and six sections. It dealt with Soviet foreign policy, Soviet-American agreements, Soviet violations of its agreements with the U. S.,conflicting views on reparations, Soviet activities affecting American security, and U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union.
　　This study Truman asked for was drafted on the premise (前提) that only through an accurate understanding of the Soviet Union would the U. S. be able to make and carry out policies that would re-establish international order and protect the U. S. at all times. The key, according to the study; was to realize' that Moscow's leaders adhered to the Marxist theory of ultimate destruction of capitalist states by communist states, but that they sought to postpone the inevitable conflict while they strengthened and prepared the Soviet Union for its clash with the　Western democracies: The study said Moscow's main concern regarding the other nations of Western Europe was to prevent the formation of a Western　bloc (集團(tuán)). It noted, too, that Red Army troops and Russian planes in combat readiness outnumbered American units opposite them in Germany, Austria, and Korea in overwhelming strength, placing U.S.forces literally at the mercy of the Soviet government.
　　36. The text associates President Truman with
　　A. peace with honor.
　　B. anti-Communist sentiment
　　C. the long-standing Cold, War
　　D. Western imperialism (帝國主義)
　　37. The author's attitude toward Truman seems to be
　　A. supportive
　　B. skeptical
　　C. worshipful
　　D. hostile
　　38. It can be concluded that the study described in the text was notable for its
　　A. far-reaching effects
　　B. controversial wording
　　C. objectivity
　　D. completeness
　　39. The text implies that U.S. forces in 1946 needed to
　　A. engage in a new sort of training
　　B. be strengthened
　　C. confront Soviet forces
　　D. re-train themselves
　　40. The state paper described in this passage did not deal with
　　A. agreements between the Soviet Union and the U. S.
　　B. those Russian activities relevant to U.S. security
　　C. the Truman policy of containment (遏制)
　　D. the foreign policy of the Russians
　　參考譯文
　　美蘇關(guān)系
　　1946年秋天，杜魯門總統(tǒng)要求對美蘇關(guān)系展開全面的研究。他知道這個(gè)問題將成為美國外交政策的核心。研究的結(jié)果是產(chǎn)生了一份重要的政府文件，參與撰寫的包括國務(wù)卿、戰(zhàn)爭部長、檢察長、海軍部長、海軍司令萊希(他曾是羅斯福的首席軍事顧問)、參謀長聯(lián)席會(huì)議主席、埃德文.w.波利大使(負(fù)責(zé)談判戰(zhàn)后賠款問題)、中央情報(bào)局局長以及其他通曉外交事務(wù)特殊知識(shí)的人員。該文件所涉及的廣度和深度都極為可觀，包括近10萬字，分為引言和六大部分。它涉及的內(nèi)容包括：蘇聯(lián)外交政策；美蘇協(xié)定；蘇聯(lián)對與美國簽訂的協(xié)定的踐踏；賠款問題上的分歧；蘇聯(lián)影響美國安全的活動(dòng)；美國對蘇聯(lián)的政策。
　　杜魯門要求做這項(xiàng)研究的前提是，只有在準(zhǔn)確了解蘇聯(lián)的基礎(chǔ)上，美國才能制定并執(zhí)行重建國際秩序和永遠(yuǎn)保衛(wèi)美國的政策。研究得出的關(guān)鍵一點(diǎn)是，美國意識(shí)到莫斯科的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人堅(jiān)信馬克思理論，認(rèn)為共產(chǎn)主義國家最終能夠消滅資本主義國家，但是他們試圖推延這一不可避免的沖突，努力使蘇聯(lián)更加強(qiáng)大從而可以與西方民主國家相抗衡。研究表明，莫斯科最關(guān)注的有關(guān)西歐其他國家的事情是要阻止西方集團(tuán)的形成。它同時(shí)指出，在德國、奧地利和朝鮮，處于備戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)下的紅軍和蘇聯(lián)飛機(jī)已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了美國部隊(duì)的規(guī)模，實(shí)際上美國軍隊(duì)已經(jīng)完全處于蘇聯(lián)政府的威脅之下。