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    Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens

    While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to “self-medicate” against the blues， scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __1_ depressive symptoms in some teens.

    “This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived _2__ benefits of smoking among teens，” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton， a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. “_3__ cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating _4__ or to improve mood， in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.”

    As part of the study， some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires _5__ their use of cigarettes of affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants， urban and rural schools， and schools _6__ in high， moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods.

    Participants were divided into three _7__： never smokers； smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate， improve mood or physical _8__； smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things； had _9__ going to sleep or staying _10__； felt unhappy， sad， or depressed； felt hopeless about the future； felt vexed， antsy or tense； and worried too much about things.

    “Smokers who used cigarettes as mood _11__ had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked，” says co-researcher Jennifer O‘Loughlin， a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. “Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of _12__ depressive symptoms.”

    The _13__ between depression and smoking exists _14__ among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. “It‘s _15__ to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke，” says Dr. Chaiton.

    1. A examine  B increase  C decrease  D diagnose

    2. A social   B financial  C emotional  D political

    3. A Whatever  B Although  C Whenever  D S\What

    4. A effects  B methods  C steps   D directions

    5. A beside   B beyond  C in   D about

    6. A exposed  B expanded  C located  D detected

    7. A groups   B sets   C species  D versions

    8. A world   B activity  C state   D beauty

    9. A time   B courage  C energy  D trouble

    10. A asleep  B awake   C still   D silent

    11. A reducers  B improvers  C creators  D removers

    12. A changing  B identifying  C developing  D overcoming

    13. A difference  B association  C cooperation  D agreement

    14. A occasionally  B scarcely  C probably  D principally

    15. A illogical  B unscientific  C meaningless  D important