【例1】
　　 Dyslexia
　　 As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.
　　Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way. One of the world's great thinkers and scientists, Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 year ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain — the part that controls language — is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males that in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.
　　1. One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　2. Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　3. The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　4. The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　5. Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males that in right-handed females.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　6. It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a baby's mother.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　7. Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative once they have learned to handle language properly.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　 答案及詳解：
　　1．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是one out of five和American children. 根據(jù)順序出題的特點，我們很快在原文第一段中找到答案，其中one out of是20%的同義改寫，American children是all children in the United States的同義改寫，因此該題的答案為A. Right。
　　2．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞great thinkers and scientists. 我們在第二段中找到答案所在句。但是通過對比我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，原文中的限制詞是one of，而題目中卻是many。再仔細(xì)閱讀文中發(fā)現(xiàn)，文中僅提到愛因斯坦和愛迪生為讀寫困難癥的患者，并未講述除愛因斯坦和愛迪生以外的思想家和科學(xué)家的情況，因此該題的答案為C. Not Mentioned。
　　3．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是專有名詞Europe，我們很快在第二段第五行找到答案所在句。通過對比題目和答案所在句，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)從recognize → discover, more than 80 years ago → less than a century ago都屬于同義改寫，但惟一有差別的是文中提到的兩個地方：Europe和the United States在80多年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了讀寫困難癥病例，但題目中僅僅提到了Europe。對于這個問題，我們可以進(jìn)行如下推理：設(shè)A = Europe，B = the United States，實際上這道題就變?yōu)檫@樣一道推理題：如果A + B正確，那么A是否正確？實際上很簡單：A + B成立（正確）的充分必要條件是正確，即A正確或者B正確。經(jīng)過這樣的推理，我們知道該題的答案應(yīng)為A. Right。
　　4．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是bigger，我們很快在第二段第九行找到答案所在句。該句題目屬反義表達(dá)，所以該題選B. Wrong。
　　5．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是more common。答案所在句在第二段第十句。對答案所在句必須進(jìn)行邏輯分析，我們才能得出正確結(jié)論。設(shè)A = males，B = females，C = left-handed，D = right-handed。根據(jù)答案所在句前半句我們知道：A > B，根據(jù)后半句我們知道，C > D，于是我們進(jìn)行如下推導(dǎo)：即以上可知，該題答案為A. Right。
　　6．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)為bad habits和baby’s mother，但是通讀全文，我們只找到了無關(guān)信息baby’s body，由此可見，該題正確答案為C. Not Mentioned。
　　7．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是intelligent or creative，我們在全文最后一句找到答案，通過對比，我們知道：show themselves to be → turn out to be, solve → handle等均屬同義表達(dá)，所以該題正確答案是A. Right。

【例2】
　　Named after an ex-Governor of New South Wales, Sydney is the state's capital city. Located on the south-east of Australia in the temperate zone, it enjoys a mild climate, averaging 14.5 hours of sunshine pet day in summer and 10.25 hours in winter. It is also the largest, oldest, and perhaps most beautifully situated city in Australia. First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, it is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation's major industrial, business, and manufacturing centres.
　　Sydney is home to nearly 4.4 million people (as of 1997). The suburbs reach out from the city centre and harbour some 55km to the north, 35km to the west and 30km to the south, creating a metropolitan area of about 3000 square kilometres. The 57 square kilometer harbour is one of the largest in the world, and famous for the unmistakable 134 metres high arch of the Harbour Bridge and the graceful sails of the Opera House. It is a busy waterway with ferries, freighters, hydrofoils and pleasure craft.
　　Not far from the city centre are the attractive old residential suburbs of Balmain, Glebe, and Paddington, where many people live in smart terraced houses, art galleries, pubs, and restaurants abound in the cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow, whereas the suburbs surrounding the city's cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow, whereas the suburbs surrounding the city's colleges and universities consist mainly of family homes and multi-unit blocks — an ideal situation for students looking for a homestay, or to rent. Sydney's newer suburbs now have a large multicultural population, and local shopping centres reflect the influences of many cultures.
　　As well as scores of cinemas and theatres throughout the city and suburbs, there are numerous clubs which appeal to people of all ages, and cater for all tastes. Pubs are the venue for smaller modern bands, while the big-name popular music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge Entertainment Centre in the heart of the city.
　　In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pockets. In summer, cafe patrons often sit outside at tables under umbrellas, and enjoy the passing parade of shoppers. Students who prefer to cook at home can choose from several large weekend markets, where fresh fruit, fish, and vegetables may be bought more cheaply than at the local supermarket. Sydney also has its own China town.
　　In the heart of the city are several big department stores linked by enclosed over-the-street crossings and underground walkways. Most noticeable are the towering centre point complex and the Queen Victoria Building, both containing many shopping arcades, coffee shops and restaurants. Out of town, in the suburbs, there are huge regional shopping centres. At the weekend markets, bargains can be had when shopping for clothing as well as for a wide range of assorted goods.
　　Australia is recognised as one of the most sports-conscious nations in the world. Sydney boasts an impressive number of facilities for all types of indoor and outdoor sporting activities. Wherever one goes, there are golf courses, cricket pitches, football ovals, tennis and squash courts, and, of course, indoor and outdoor swimming pools. Avid ice-skating and ten-pin bowling fans will find that these activities are also popular and inexpensive.
　　 1. Sydney was first established as a settlement for convicted criminals.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　2. Sydney Harbour is the largest in the world.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　3. The streets of Paddington are not very wide and contain houses arranged in rows.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　4. The Entertainment Centre is only for international popular music artists who attract large audiences.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　5. There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　6. Some department stores in Sydney are joined by walkways above and below the ground.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　7. Australians are sports-minded people, but this is not realised by the rest of the world.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　答案及詳解：
　　1．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是first，對應(yīng)原文的第二段，其中有一句：First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788，是題目的同義表達(dá)，答案為Right。
　　2．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是Harbour，對應(yīng)原文的第三段，其中有一句：The 57 square kilometer harbour is one of the largest in the world. 原文說悉尼港是世界最大的港口之一，題目講悉尼是世界最大的港口。題目的范圍小于原文的范圍，答案為Not Mentioned。注意，答此題不能憑借自己的知識，事實上，世界最大的港口是荷蘭的鹿特丹，但文章當(dāng)中沒說，所以不能答Wrong。
　　3．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是Paddington，對應(yīng)原文的第四段，其中有一句：Paddington, where many people live in smart terraced houses, art galleries, pubs, and restaurants, abound in the cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow. terraced 對應(yīng)題目中的arranged in rows, quite narrow 對應(yīng)題目中的not very wide，原文和題目是同義表達(dá)，答案為Right。此題主要考詞terraced的意思，目前考試中，很少考對一個詞的理解。
　　4．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是entertainment，對應(yīng)原文的第五段，其中有一句：the big-name popular music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge Entertainment Centre in the heart of the city. 原文說both local and international，題目說only for international。原文是兩個條件并列，題目是only其中一個條件。答案為Wrong。
　　5．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是restaurants，第六段原文中提到了悉尼有各種各樣的餐館，但并沒有與過去相比，答案為Not Mentioned。
　　6．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是department stores，快速閱讀原文第七段落第一句為：In the heart of the city are several big department stores linked by enclosed over-the-street crossings and underground walkways. linked by 對應(yīng)題目中的joined by，原文和題目是同義表達(dá)，答案為Right。
　　7．題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是sports，快速閱讀原文第八段落第一句話：Australia is recognised as one of the most sports-conscious nations in the world. 原文說recognised，題目說not realized，是not加同義詞，答案為Wrong。