Excrise

Someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more congnitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

When building space on the ground becomes scarce use must be made of the space in the air.

Ｗhen a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.

要點(diǎn)：句首的someone后有介詞短語with a history of doing more rather than less 對其進(jìn)行修飾。第二個someone后有一個定語從句who has not had an active mind對其進(jìn)行修飾�！皊ound”在此句中的意思為“健康，健全”。
譯文:經(jīng)常積極思考的人進(jìn)入老年后,比不積極思考的人在認(rèn)知方面更加健康.

要點(diǎn)：主句的謂語use must be made of the space in the air.是被動語態(tài)。在英語中“動詞＋名詞＋介詞”類的短語將主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)有兩種改法。一種是將詞組中的名詞上升為主語；另一種是將介詞后面的賓語升為主語。
舉例：主語態(tài)：They take care of the babies.
被動態(tài)１Care of the babies are taken by them.
被動態(tài)２The babies are taken care by them.
在本句中是采用了第一種做法，全句的主動語態(tài)為Ｗe must take use of the space in the air.
譯文：當(dāng)?shù)孛娴慕ㄖ�空間變得緊張時，我們必須在空中拓展空間。

要點(diǎn)：when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，直到逗號為止。"an　item"后有定語從句"she or he bought "對其修飾，" in some way "意為在某一方面，"live up to"意為達(dá)到。。。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
譯文：消費(fèi)者一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)所購商品有缺陷或者在某一方面不能達(dá)到生產(chǎn)廠家宣稱的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)采取的第一步是向購物商店出示保單或其他有效的證據(jù)