[參考譯文]有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯,例如輕踩剎車以操縱經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸,使貨幣政策聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一門精確的科學(xué)。沒(méi)有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離實(shí)際情況的了。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]在第一個(gè)句子中,其主干為Much of the language……, makes it sound like……。used to describe monetary policy是用于修飾language的定語(yǔ),后面的such as steering the economy to a soft landing of a touch on the brakes是對(duì)前面的language進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。第二個(gè)句子是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]如上所述的句子主干被確定之后,句子就不難理解了。為了簡(jiǎn)化這個(gè)句子以便于理解,可以先把such as引導(dǎo)的部分忽略不看,那樣整個(gè)句子就比較好掌握了。注意make it sound like a precise science當(dāng)中it指代前面提到的monetary policy.
2、Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
[參考譯文]因此這樣的類比(就如同)把執(zhí)行貨幣政策比作駕駛著一輛涂黑了擋風(fēng)玻璃,打碎了后視鏡,并且方向盤無(wú)法正常工作的汽車。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這句話承接前面陳述的原因。hence后面只是一個(gè)名詞詞組,中心詞是the analogy,后面that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的analogy with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview and a faulty steering wheel是介詞詞組修飾前面的名詞car.注意此句沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,只是一個(gè)名詞性的短語(yǔ)。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]理解這句話的關(guān)鍵在于hence的用法。hence的意思是for this reason,因此,所以,主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ),是副詞,可以連接一個(gè)完整的句子,也可以只跟一個(gè)名詞。例如:Baby found a pot of paint,hence all the marks on the wall.另外liken A to B意思是把A與B相比,把A比作B.
3、Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conentional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America‘s, have little productive slack.
[參考譯文]經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)英國(guó)和美國(guó)的有利的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)尤其感到驚訝,因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的計(jì)量方法顯示兩國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì),特別是美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì),幾乎沒(méi)有生產(chǎn)蕭條的時(shí)候。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,連詞since連接了兩句子。主句的主干是Economists have been……surprised by……。原因狀語(yǔ)從句的主干是conventional measures suggest that……,代詞that引導(dǎo)了賓語(yǔ)從句作為suggest的賓語(yǔ)。在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中,and especially America‘s相當(dāng)于especially America’s economy,是前面主語(yǔ)both economies的同位語(yǔ),用于強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]這里應(yīng)該首先注意到since這個(gè)連詞,然后分別理解兩個(gè)句子,再把它們放在一起,這個(gè)句子的意思就迎刃而解了。另外注意suggest不是建議的意思,而應(yīng)該是顯示,指示。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)詳解
1. monetary貨幣的
[大綱詞匯] monetary a.金融的,貨幣的
[經(jīng)典例句] The new monetary policy will help revitalize the economy.
2. steering sth to引導(dǎo)
[大綱詞匯] steer v.駕駛,掌握
[經(jīng)典例句] The receptionist steered her to the meeting room.
3. soft landing軟著陸
4. a touch on the brakes踩剎車
[大綱詞匯] brake n./v……制動(dòng)(器),剎車,閘
5. precise精確的
[大綱詞匯] precise a.精確的,準(zhǔn)確的
[經(jīng)典例句] He finished the task by following his precise instructions.
6. be further from the truth離真理更遠(yuǎn)了
[大綱詞匯] further ad./a.更遠(yuǎn)(的),更往前(的);進(jìn)一步(的)further from(far from)的比較級(jí),表示離…更遠(yuǎn)
[經(jīng)典例句]If you follow this direction,you will be further from your destination.
7. long, variable lags長(zhǎng)期,多變的滯后狀況
[大綱詞匯]lag n./.落后(于),滯后(于)variable a.易變的;可變的,變量的;n.變量
8. analogy類比
[大綱詞匯] analogy n比擬,類比analog/analogue n.類似物;模擬
[經(jīng)典例句]I see no analogy between your problems and mine.
9. liken把…比作
[擴(kuò)充詞匯] liken v.把…比作(to)
[經(jīng)典例句] He likens the archeologist to detective searching for ancient clues.
10. conduct管理方式
[大綱詞匯] conduct n.行為,品行,舉動(dòng)v.引導(dǎo),帶領(lǐng);處理,管理;指揮(樂(lè)隊(duì));傳導(dǎo),傳(熱,電等)
[經(jīng)典例句]His conduct of the business was very successful.
11. windscreen(汽車上的)擋風(fēng)玻璃
12. rearview(車輛上的)后視鏡
13. faulty有毛病的
[大綱詞匯] faulty a.有缺點(diǎn)的,有錯(cuò)誤的fault n.過(guò)失,過(guò)錯(cuò);缺點(diǎn),毛病
[經(jīng)典例句]The accident was owing to the faulty design of the car.
14. steering wheel(汽車上的)方向盤
15. boast about夸耀
[大綱詞匯] boast v.(of,about)自夸,夸耀;n.自夸,大話
[經(jīng)典例句] He boasted to us about the new car he purchased lately.
16. of late比較近以來(lái)
[擴(kuò)充詞匯]of late比較近以來(lái)
[經(jīng)典例句]He looked very tired of late
17. inflation通貨膨脹
[大綱詞匯] inflation n.通貨膨脹
[經(jīng)典例句] New policies were made to curb inflation.
18. double-digit兩位數(shù)
19. forecaster預(yù)測(cè)者
[大綱詞匯] forecast v./n.預(yù)測(cè),預(yù)報(bào)
[衍生詞匯] forecaster n.天氣預(yù)報(bào)員;(經(jīng)濟(jì)形式的預(yù)測(cè)者)
[經(jīng)典例句] He works as a business forecaster.
20. predict預(yù)測(cè)
[大綱詞匯] predict v.預(yù)測(cè),預(yù)言,預(yù)告
[經(jīng)典例句]It did snow in the afternoon as he predicted.
21.panel專門小組
[大綱詞匯] panel n.面,板;控制板,儀表盤;專門小組
[經(jīng)典例句] The panel of experts decided to meet on Monday.
22. poll民意測(cè)驗(yàn)
[大綱詞匯] poll n.民意測(cè)驗(yàn);(pl.)政治選舉,大選;v.對(duì)一進(jìn)行民意測(cè)驗(yàn);獲得…選票
[經(jīng)典例句] The Republican candidate won a bigger margin in the latest poll.
23. There is no flash in the pan.情況并未發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)。
[擴(kuò)充詞匯] flash來(lái)回的轉(zhuǎn)換;pan平底鍋
24. favourable有利的
[大綱詞匯] favourable/ favorable a.贊許的,有利的,順利的
[詞匯比較] favorite/favourite a.比較喜歡的,中意的注意;兩詞同是favor的衍生詞匯,但意思不同,注意區(qū)別。
[經(jīng)典例句] The situation will develop in the direction favorable to his rivals.
25. productive slack生產(chǎn)蕭條
[大綱詞匯] slack a.懈怠的,懶散的,松弛的,不緊的;蕭條的;n.淡季,蕭條;[pl.]便褲,運(yùn)動(dòng)褲
[經(jīng)典例句] There is a certain amount of slack in the car industry at the moment.
26. utilisation利用
[大綱詞匯] utilization / untilization n.利用utilize/utilise v.利用utility n.有用,效用
[經(jīng)典例句」The utilisation of solar energy has partly solved environmental problems in this area.
27. take off開(kāi)始
[擴(kuò)充詞義]take off開(kāi)始,開(kāi)始流行
[經(jīng)典例句]The design first took off in American colleges.
25. thrilling令人震驚的
[大綱詞匯] thrill n.令人激動(dòng)的事;v.使激動(dòng),使興奮;使毛骨諫然
[衍生詞匯]thrilling a.令人震驚的,令人激動(dòng)的
[經(jīng)典例句] The story has a thrilling climax at the end.
29. defective有缺陷的
[大綱詞匯]defect n.缺點(diǎn),缺陷
[衍生詞匯] defective a.有缺陷的
[經(jīng)典例句] He returned the defective goods to the salesman……
30. upend顛倒
[擴(kuò)充詞匯] upend v.顛倒,使倒立,倒放;打倒,推翻
[經(jīng)典例句]He upended the wine bottle over his glass,but only a drop or two ran out.
31. foresee預(yù)見(jiàn)
[大綱詞匯] foresee v.預(yù)見(jiàn),預(yù)知
[經(jīng)典例句] The captain foresaw the danger ahead.
32. bo comparable to可比較的
[大綱詞匯] comparable a.(with,to)可比較的,比得上的
[經(jīng)典例句] The dinner was comparable to the best French cooking.
33. be puzzled by迷惑
[大綱詞匯] puzzle v.(使)迷惑,(使)為難;n.難題,謎,迷惑
[經(jīng)典例句] We are all puzzled by his abnormal behavior.
34. be amazed at對(duì)…感到驚訝
[大綱詞匯] amaze v.使驚愕,使驚奇,是驚嘆
[經(jīng)典例句] I was amazed at the news.
全文翻譯
很多用來(lái)描述貨幣政策的詞,如引導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸,觸動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)剎車,聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一門精確的科學(xué)。事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此。利率和通貨膨脹之間的關(guān)系難以確定。在政策改變對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生影響前會(huì)有一段較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間且變化不定的后滯期。因此,才會(huì)有人將貨幣政策的指導(dǎo)比做是駕駛一輛帶有黑色擋風(fēng)玻璃、后視鏡破碎及方向盤失靈的汽車。
盡管有這么多不利因素,中央銀行家們似乎對(duì)近來(lái)的形勢(shì)有了不少值得夸耀的東西。西方七大工業(yè)國(guó)去年的平均通貨膨脹率降至僅2.3%,接近30年來(lái)的比較低水平。今年7月略微升高到2.5%。這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于許多國(guó)家在70年代和80年代早期經(jīng)歷的兩位數(shù)的膨脹率。
這也低于許多預(yù)測(cè)者預(yù)測(cè)的數(shù)字。1994年底,每月接受《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》意見(jiàn)調(diào)查的一組經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出,美國(guó)在1995年的平均通貨膨脹率將達(dá)到3.5%。實(shí)際上,8月份就降到了2.6%。而且有望達(dá)到全年平均僅為3%。去年年底,英國(guó)和日本的通貨膨脹率實(shí)際上比預(yù)測(cè)的要低半個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。這不是曇花一現(xiàn)。在過(guò)去幾年里,英國(guó)和美國(guó)的通貨膨脹率始終低于預(yù)測(cè)水平。
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對(duì)英美兩國(guó)有利的通脹率感到特別詫異,因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的計(jì)量方法表明兩國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì),特別是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)幾乎沒(méi)有生產(chǎn)蕭條的時(shí)候。比如,美國(guó)的生產(chǎn)力利用率在今年前段時(shí)間達(dá)到了歷史比較高水平,失業(yè)率(8月份為5.6%)已降到低于對(duì)自然失業(yè)率的大多數(shù)估測(cè)-過(guò)去,當(dāng)比率低于自然失業(yè)率時(shí),通貨膨脹率早已迅速上升。
為何通貨膨脹如此的和緩?可惜的是,這比較令人震驚的解釋有一點(diǎn)缺陷。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,世界經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)有力的變化已經(jīng)推翻了那個(gè)以經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和通貨膨脹的歷史上相互關(guān)聯(lián)為基礎(chǔ)的舊的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。
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