A:句子構(gòu)成成分回顧
　　 (一)句子構(gòu)成
　　句子構(gòu)成的成分共分為九種：主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，補語，同位語和插入語。
　　一、主語：句子的核心主體，通常位于謂語動詞之前，表明一個句子是誰或何種情況所發(fā)出執(zhí)行或是承受的。在寫作中常做主語的有名詞、代詞、主語從句、V-ing、To do五種。
　　 1名詞：Computersare now being widely used in almost all fields.
　　 2代詞：Weare now living in an information-explosion era.
　　 3主語從句：Whether sports stars should earn a high salaryis still discussed heatedly.
　　 4V-ing:Surfing the Internetoffers a new way for people to relax themselves.
　　 5To do:To protect the environmentis everybody’s business.
　　二、謂語：描述或闡述主語的情況，由動詞來充當(dāng)，常位于主語之后。
　　 1表狀態(tài)用系動詞：As I see it, movie stars’earning a high salaryisunfair and unjustified.
　　 2表動作用及物或不及物動詞：The Internethas revolutionizedpeople’s way of life. Tastediffers.
　　 3表擁有：人或物時用：have has無生命的東西：there be
　　 Peoplehavedifferent views on this question.
　　 There isno absolute agreement on this question.
　　 4情態(tài)動詞＋動詞原形：
　　 In this way, teacherscan never be replacedby computers.
　　三、賓語：及物動詞或介詞所指向的對象。在寫作中常做賓語的有名詞、賓語從句、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、V-ing、To do五種。
　　 1名詞作賓語：International tourism promotesthe economic development.
　　 2賓語從句作賓語：Some people holdthat air travel should be restricted.
　　 3復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：The advanced medical technology has madeit possible for people to live longer than ever possible before.
　　 4 V-ing: Nobody can avoidbeing influencedby media.
　　 5 To do: Some people wantto work for a big companywhile others chooseto work for a small one.
　　四、表語：接在系動詞后，補充說明主語的情況又稱為主語補足語。在寫作中常做表語的有名詞、形容詞、V-ing、To do、從句五種。
　　 1名詞：The environmental problem isa serious problemin modern society.
　　 2形容詞：Time isfleetingand art islong.
　　 3V-ing: The argument isconvincing.
　　 4To do: A possible solution isto set down effective laws.
　　 5從句：One advantage of computers’utilized in education isthat they can enrich the traditional teaching method to a great extent.
　　五、定語：修飾名詞或類似于名詞的詞。一般翻譯為“……..的”，表示事物性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，分為前置或后置。在寫作中常做定語的有形容詞、名詞、V-ing、To do、從句五種。
　　 1形容詞：Taking part-time jobs exertsprofoundimpacts on one’s future career development.
　　 2名詞：Generationgap is now a problem we have to face.

名詞做定語(名詞修飾名詞重要原則：第一個名詞一般用單數(shù) 以下為雅思寫作常用名詞修飾名詞詞組)
　　 1 Information technology
　　 2 Information center
　　 3Credit card
　　 4Generation gap
　　 5Beauty contest
　　 6Communication skills
　　 7Information age
　　 8Knowledge economy
　　 9Peace talks
　　 10Service industry
　　 11Water scarcity
　　 12Survival skills
　　 13Press conference
　　 14Safety standard
　　 15Life insurance
　　 16Weather forecast
　　 17Reception desk
　　 18Coffee break
　　 19Body guard
　　 20 Heart attack
　　 21 Department store
　　 22 Stock market
　　 23 Office building
　　 24 Science fiction
　　 3 V-ing:Clearly, we are now living in anupdatingsociety and the world is now witnessing somebreath-takingchanges.
　　 4To do: Studying abroad provides students with a good opportunityto experience a totally different culture.
　　 5定語從句：That is a good bookwhich is opened with expectation and closed with profit.
　　六、狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整句的詞或句。按照功能分十一種：時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、條件、讓步、比較、伴隨、評注。在寫作中常做狀語的有副詞 、狀語從句 、狀語從句省略結(jié)構(gòu) 、To do、V-ing、V-ed
　　從句六種。
　　 1副詞 ：Honestly, I cannot give a yes-no answer to this question.
　　 2狀語從句 ：Where there is an open mind, there will always be frontier.
　　 3狀語從句省略結(jié)構(gòu) ：If so, the conclusion still remains questionable.
　　 4To do：To solve this problem, people think up various solutions.
　　 5V-ing：Technology is developing by leaps and bounds,making it possible for people to live better than ever before.
　　 6V-ed：Encouraged to do so, children will experience better development.
　　七、補語：主語補足語(補充說明主語的情況，又稱表語)、賓語補足語(補充說明賓語的情況)在寫作中常做賓語補足語的有形容詞和To do 兩種。
　　 1形容詞：Many people find this experienceawful.
　　 2To do: Advertisements often urge peopleto buy goods they do not need.
　　八、同位語：句子中的兩種成份表達(dá)同一種概念，即A=B稱之為同位語。在寫作中常做同位語的有名詞和從句兩種。
　　 1名詞：We should learn from the past,the mirror of the present and the hope of the future.
　　 2從句：University students should bear total expenses for their tuition on the generalizationthat university students usually earn much more than people without a degree.
　　九插入語
　　插入語是說話者對所表達(dá)意思的補充、強調(diào)、解釋或者說話的態(tài)度，其位置靈活，常常用逗號或破折號與其它成分隔開，并且在語法上不影響其他成分。書面表達(dá)要求語言連貫、地道，恰當(dāng)使用插入語，可以給文章增色不少。在寫作中常用的插入語如下。
　　 1Indeed的確，
　　 2Surely無疑，
　　 3However然而，
　　 4Obviously顯然，
　　 5Frankly坦率地說，
　　 6Naturally自然，
　　 7Luckily (或happily)for somebody,算某人幸運，
　　 8Fortunately/Luckily幸好，
　　 9Honestly真的，
　　 10Briefly簡單地說,
　　 11Strange to say說也奇怪，
　　 12 Needless to say不用說，
　　 13Most important of all最為重要是，
　　 13Worse still更糟糕的是，
　　 14Ina few words(或in sum，in short)簡而言之，
　　 15Inother words換句話說