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高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)-倒裝句

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  高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)-倒裝句

  一、考綱要求

  根據(jù)考綱的要求,考生需要掌握使用部分倒裝和全部倒裝的幾種常見(jiàn)情況。

  二、 命題導(dǎo)向

  近年的高考試題主要是考查句子的正確語(yǔ)序、置于句首先的副詞、短語(yǔ)和選擇連詞。

  三、復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

  1. 全部倒裝

  在下面幾種情況下,需把全部的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前,構(gòu)成全部倒裝:

  (1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。例如:

  Look, there's that bookshop I was telling you about。

  Long ago there lived a king with his three lovely daughters。

  (2)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首時(shí),為使生動(dòng)地描述情景而采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。此時(shí),句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:

  There goes the phone. I'll answer it。

  There comes the bus!

  Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face。

  (3)Such作表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。例如:

  Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.

  (4)直接引語(yǔ)的全部或部分位于句首時(shí)。例如:

  “If you die, who will get your money?”asked Holmes。

  (5)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的句子。

  In the center of the square stands a monument。

  On the back wall hangs a portrait。

  Inside the pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens。

  (6)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),或使上下文銜接緊密,而將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首,引起倒裝。例如:

  Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil。

  Seated on the grass are a group of students。

  Lying about on the floor are books and magazines。

  2.部分倒裝

  在下列幾種情況下,只把助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。

  (1) little, never, not, seldom, neither, nor, rarely, seldom, by no means, at no time,under no circumstances, in no case等表示否定意義的單詞和短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)。例如:

  Little does he care about what others think。

  Under no circumstances are you to leave the house。

  Not a word did he say at the meeting yesterday。

  (2) 在not…until…, no sooner...than..., scarcely/hardly...when..., not only...but also... neither...nor.。.等句式中。例如:

  Not until he told me did I know the truth。

  Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang。

  Not only do the workers want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well。

  Neither does he drink nor smoke。

  (3) 當(dāng)only 修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。例如:

  Only then did I find I have made a mistake。

  (4) 在 so/such …that…。從句中,當(dāng)so+形容詞/副詞或such+名詞位于句首時(shí)。例如:

  So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest。

  (5)當(dāng)表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),常用so/as+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),表示“……也是……”。例如:

  Times have changed and so have I。

  Eve’s very tall, as was her mother。

  (6)當(dāng)neither, nor位于句首, 表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用與另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),常用neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),表示“……也不……”。例如:

  They couldn’t understand it at the time, and nor could we。

  (7)省略if的虛擬條件句,把助動(dòng)詞were、had、should提到主語(yǔ)前面時(shí)。例如:

  Had it not been for your help, we shouldn't have achieved so much。

  (8)as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如:

  Child as he is, he knows a lot of things。

  Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open。

  Strange though it may seem, I like housework。

  (9)當(dāng)may放在句首,表達(dá)祝愿時(shí)。例如:

  May you succeed! 祝你成功!

  四.注意事項(xiàng)

  1. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞而不是名詞時(shí),以簡(jiǎn)短副詞開(kāi)頭的句子不倒裝。例如:

  Here you are。

  Away they went。

  2. 當(dāng)only修飾主語(yǔ)而不是修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí),句子不倒裝。例如:

  Only you are responsible for what you will become in the future。

  Only in this way can you learn English well。

  3. not 修飾主語(yǔ)而不是修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子不倒裝。例如:

  Not one of the students knew the answer。

  4. 當(dāng)前后兩個(gè)說(shuō)話人談?wù)摰氖峭蝗恕⑼皇聲r(shí),常用so/as+主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,不再采用主謂倒裝。例如:

  —I reminded you not to forget the appointment。

  —So you did。

  —You forgot your purse when you went out。

  —Good heavens, so I did。

  五. 精典名題導(dǎo)解

  1. (2008上海) So much of interest _____ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all。

  A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer

  考點(diǎn)解析:題干為so…that句式,因so位于句首,因此主句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。最佳答案為C。

  2. (2008陜西)Not until the motorbike looked almost new _________ repairing and cleaning it。

  A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop

  考點(diǎn)解析:題干中含有not...until.。.句式,而且not +until從句位于句首,因此主句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。最佳答案為B。

  3. (2008遼寧) Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______。

  A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I

  考點(diǎn)解析:前句為否定句,下句不是前句的情況適用于另一主語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)用neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),最佳答案為B。

  4. (2008重慶) Only when I left my parents for Italy ______ how much I loved them。

  A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize

  考點(diǎn)解析:因Only+ when狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首,因此主句應(yīng)采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,最佳答案為D。

  5. (2009年鄭州市高中畢業(yè)班第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)) —How did you enjoy your visit?

  一 in my life had I received such good service from any business。

  A.Few B.Never C.Only D.None

  考點(diǎn)解析:依據(jù)題干中had I received謂語(yǔ)采用倒裝的信息,可判斷空白處填副詞Never ,最佳答案為B。

  6. (江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體2009屆高三第一次聯(lián)考)—It was careless of you to have left the house without turning off the cooker。

  —My God! 。

  A.So were you B.So was I C.So did I D.So I did

  考點(diǎn)解析:答語(yǔ)中的My God!暗示說(shuō)話人同意上句的內(nèi)容,因此空白處填So I did,表示“天那,我真是(太粗心)”。最佳答案為D。

  7. (2009年江西省南昌市高三調(diào)研測(cè)試卷) Never before in greater need of modern public transport than it is today。

  A.has this city been B.this city has been

  C.was this city D.this city was

  考點(diǎn)解析:因含否定意義的詞語(yǔ)Never位于句首,因此謂語(yǔ)需用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,句中含副詞before多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),因此最佳答案為A。

  (責(zé)任編輯:郭峰)

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