高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)-倒裝句
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高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)-倒裝句
一、考綱要求
根據(jù)考綱的要求,考生需要掌握使用部分倒裝和全部倒裝的幾種常見(jiàn)情況。
二、 命題導(dǎo)向
近年的高考試題主要是考查句子的正確語(yǔ)序、置于句首先的副詞、短語(yǔ)和選擇連詞。
三、復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
1. 全部倒裝
在下面幾種情況下,需把全部的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前,構(gòu)成全部倒裝:
(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。例如:
Look, there's that bookshop I was telling you about。
Long ago there lived a king with his three lovely daughters。
(2)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首時(shí),為使生動(dòng)地描述情景而采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。此時(shí),句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
There goes the phone. I'll answer it。
There comes the bus!
Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face。
(3)Such作表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。例如:
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.
(4)直接引語(yǔ)的全部或部分位于句首時(shí)。例如:
“If you die, who will get your money?”asked Holmes。
(5)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的句子。
In the center of the square stands a monument。
On the back wall hangs a portrait。
Inside the pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens。
(6)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),或使上下文銜接緊密,而將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首,引起倒裝。例如:
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil。
Seated on the grass are a group of students。
Lying about on the floor are books and magazines。
2.部分倒裝
在下列幾種情況下,只把助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。
(1) little, never, not, seldom, neither, nor, rarely, seldom, by no means, at no time,under no circumstances, in no case等表示否定意義的單詞和短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)。例如:
Little does he care about what others think。
Under no circumstances are you to leave the house。
Not a word did he say at the meeting yesterday。
(2) 在not…until…, no sooner...than..., scarcely/hardly...when..., not only...but also... neither...nor.。.等句式中。例如:
Not until he told me did I know the truth。
Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang。
Not only do the workers want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well。
Neither does he drink nor smoke。
(3) 當(dāng)only 修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。例如:
Only then did I find I have made a mistake。
(4) 在 so/such …that…。從句中,當(dāng)so+形容詞/副詞或such+名詞位于句首時(shí)。例如:
So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest。
(5)當(dāng)表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),常用so/as+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),表示“……也是……”。例如:
Times have changed and so have I。
Eve’s very tall, as was her mother。
(6)當(dāng)neither, nor位于句首, 表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用與另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),常用neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),表示“……也不……”。例如:
They couldn’t understand it at the time, and nor could we。
(7)省略if的虛擬條件句,把助動(dòng)詞were、had、should提到主語(yǔ)前面時(shí)。例如:
Had it not been for your help, we shouldn't have achieved so much。
(8)as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如:
Child as he is, he knows a lot of things。
Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open。
Strange though it may seem, I like housework。
(9)當(dāng)may放在句首,表達(dá)祝愿時(shí)。例如:
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
四.注意事項(xiàng)
1. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞而不是名詞時(shí),以簡(jiǎn)短副詞開(kāi)頭的句子不倒裝。例如:
Here you are。
Away they went。
2. 當(dāng)only修飾主語(yǔ)而不是修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí),句子不倒裝。例如:
Only you are responsible for what you will become in the future。
Only in this way can you learn English well。
3. not 修飾主語(yǔ)而不是修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子不倒裝。例如:
Not one of the students knew the answer。
4. 當(dāng)前后兩個(gè)說(shuō)話人談?wù)摰氖峭蝗恕⑼皇聲r(shí),常用so/as+主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,不再采用主謂倒裝。例如:
—I reminded you not to forget the appointment。
—So you did。
—You forgot your purse when you went out。
—Good heavens, so I did。
五. 精典名題導(dǎo)解
1. (2008上海) So much of interest _____ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all。
A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer
考點(diǎn)解析:題干為so…that句式,因so位于句首,因此主句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。最佳答案為C。
2. (2008陜西)Not until the motorbike looked almost new _________ repairing and cleaning it。
A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop
考點(diǎn)解析:題干中含有not...until.。.句式,而且not +until從句位于句首,因此主句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。最佳答案為B。
3. (2008遼寧) Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______。
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I
考點(diǎn)解析:前句為否定句,下句不是前句的情況適用于另一主語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)用neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),最佳答案為B。
4. (2008重慶) Only when I left my parents for Italy ______ how much I loved them。
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
考點(diǎn)解析:因Only+ when狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首,因此主句應(yīng)采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,最佳答案為D。
5. (2009年鄭州市高中畢業(yè)班第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)) —How did you enjoy your visit?
一 in my life had I received such good service from any business。
A.Few B.Never C.Only D.None
考點(diǎn)解析:依據(jù)題干中had I received謂語(yǔ)采用倒裝的信息,可判斷空白處填副詞Never ,最佳答案為B。
6. (江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體2009屆高三第一次聯(lián)考)—It was careless of you to have left the house without turning off the cooker。
—My God! 。
A.So were you B.So was I C.So did I D.So I did
考點(diǎn)解析:答語(yǔ)中的My God!暗示說(shuō)話人同意上句的內(nèi)容,因此空白處填So I did,表示“天那,我真是(太粗心)”。最佳答案為D。
7. (2009年江西省南昌市高三調(diào)研測(cè)試卷) Never before in greater need of modern public transport than it is today。
A.has this city been B.this city has been
C.was this city D.this city was
考點(diǎn)解析:因含否定意義的詞語(yǔ)Never位于句首,因此謂語(yǔ)需用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,句中含副詞before多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),因此最佳答案為A。
(責(zé)任編輯:郭峰)
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